纳米铝粉在复合推进剂中的应用

考察了不同类型纳米铝粉的能量性能及热氧化特性。结果表明,纳米铝粉的活性铝含量低于普通铝粉,随活性铝含量的降低,纳米铝粉的燃烧热值降低;纳米铝粉呈现出与普通铝粉截然不同的热氧化特性。同时,研究了纳米铝粉对复合推进剂的燃烧性能与能量性能的影响,结果表明,纳米铝粉可提高推进剂的燃速和降低压强指数,有利于改善推进剂的燃烧性能,但纳米铝粉的低活性铝含量导致推进剂的爆热值降低。     

树脂含量对芳纶纤维/环氧复合材料性能的影响

研究了树脂含量对芳纶纤维／环氧复合材料的性能的影响，主要是浸胶纤维强度，压力容器中纤维强度的发挥系数，容器特性系数pV/Wc。给出了按混合定律计算复合材料强度的修正系数，提出了对容器进行表面处理以改善其内外层含胶量的均匀度，并进行了实验，实验证明，容器内外层树脂含量分布更为均匀，容器的性能得到提高。     

Use of principal component analysis in the identification of the spatial pattern of an ionospheric total electron content anomalies after China’s May 12, 2008, M = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the spatial pattern of total electron content (TEC) anomalies in the ionosphere post the China’s Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May, 2008 (UTC) (M_w = 7.9). PCA and image processing are applied to the global ionospheric map (GIM) with transforms conducted for the time period 08:00–10:00 UT on 12 May 2008. Results show that at a height of approximately 200 km the anomaly is widespread and less intense; however, it becomes more localized with height reaching maximum intensity and localization at an altitude of 300 km. The spatial distribution is remarkably similar to that reported for a TEC anomaly previously identified as a precursor anomaly on May 9, 2008 for the same time period. Potential causes of the results are discussed with emphasis given to vertical acoustic gravity waves based on the spatial pattern identified.     

Analysis of a topside ionospheric model using GPS and ionosonde observables

Ground-based vertical incidence soundings are well suited to model the bottom-side ionosphere but are not so good for dependably modelling the topside ionosphere. This study aims to combine vertical incidence sounding and dual-frequency GPS measurements to reconstruct the topside profile. The reconstruction technique relays on the use of the so-called vary-Chap approach that use an α-Chapman function with a continuously varying scale height.     

Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics

With the advent of modern global networks of dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS), total electron content (TEC) measurements along slant paths connecting GPS receivers and satellites at 22,000 km have become the largest data set available to ionospheric scientists. The TEC can be calculated from the time and phase delay in the GPS signal using the GPS Toolkit, but an unknown bias will remain. In addition, UHF/VHF radio beacons on board low-Earth-orbiting satellites can also be used to measure the electron content. However, the TEC measurements are obtained by integrating TEC differences between slant paths, but also contain biases. It is often necessary to use data assimilative algorithms like the Ionospheric Data Assimilation Three-Dimensional (IDA3D), and to treat both GPS- and LEO-beacon TEC measurements as relative data in order to conduct ionospheric studies.     

基于热熔法的铺丝用预浸纱含胶量控制

针对轨道飞行器用高模量碳纤维复合材料品种多、批量小、质量要求高的特点,研究自动铺丝用预浸纱制备的质量控制方法。研究了直接热熔法中不同工艺参数对预浸纱含胶量的影响规律,运用正交试验定量分析了诸因素的影响程度,研究结果表明：限位辊与擦胶辊间隙对含胶量的影响最大,其次分别为收卷速率、树脂温度、差速比、放纱张力;制备HS40/CY-10W高模量碳纤维/氰酸酯预浸纱的最优工艺参数为：两辊间隙0.15 mm、收卷速率12.56 m/min、树脂温度100 ℃、差速比60%、放纱张力13 N。制备的预浸纱宽度稳定、含胶量为34.0±1.0%、离散系数≤0.79%,满足铺丝用精密预浸纱要求。     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

Study of the 2013 Lushan M7.0 earthquake coseismic ionospheric disturbances

On April 20, 2013, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Lushan, Sichuan province, China. This paper investigates the coseismic ionospheric anomalies using GPS (Global Positioning System) data from 23 reference stations in Sichuan province that are a part of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). The recorded results show that a clear ionospheric anomaly occurred within 15 min after the earthquake near the epicenter, and the occurrence time of the anomalies recorded by various stations is related to the distance from the epicenter. The maximum anomaly is 0.25 TECu, with a 2 min duration and the distance of the recording station to the epicenter is 83 km. Acoustic waves generated by the crustal vertical movement during the earthquake propagate up to the height of the ionosphere lead to the ionospheric anomaly, and the propagation speed of the acoustic wave is calculated as 0.72 ± 0.04 km/s based on the propagation time and propagation distance, consistent with the average speed of sound waves within a 0–450 km atmospheric height.     

T700/PEEK热塑性自动铺放预浸纱制备质量控制及性能研究

为满足高性能热塑性复合材料自动铺丝（AFP）成型工艺的原材料需求,研究了粉末悬浮法浸渍制备T700/PEEK预浸纱关键工艺参数及预浸料性能,分析聚醚醚酮PEEK浸渍连续碳纤维过程中不同工艺参数（悬浊液浓度、超声功率、张力、牵引速率、浸渍温度、辊压温度及压辊间隙）对预浸纱质量的影响规律,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察T700/PEEK预浸纱内部孔隙率及界面结合状态,将粉末悬浮法制备的T700/PEEK预浸纱模压制备了热塑性复合材料单向层合板试样,并测试了其热塑性复合材料层间剪切强度和拉伸强度。研究结果表明：预浸纱含胶量与粉末悬浮液浓度变化线性正相关,且随超声功率的增大而升高;浸渍过程中伴随温度的升高以及牵引速率的减小,预浸纱宽度变小、孔隙率降低,随着张力的增大,预浸纱宽度增大、孔隙率降低;辊压成型过程中随着温度的提高以及压辊间隙的减小,预浸纱宽度增大、孔隙率降低。综合考虑各工艺参数的影响规律,获得优化的热塑性预浸纱制备工艺参数：浸渍温度为360~370℃,辊压温度为330℃,压辊间隙为0.1 mm,牵引速率为15~20 mm/s,张力为7 N。扫描电镜结果显示树脂与纤维界面结合紧密,复合材料的孔隙率可降低至1.8%,复合材料层间剪切强度为73.43 MPa,纵向拉伸强度达1.71 GPa。     

锥筒型喷管内壁化学铣切工艺优化

锥筒型喷管内壁化学铣切后同一产品不同部位化铣槽深尺寸散差较大,且不同批次产品铣切后槽深尺寸散差波动也较大,对装配后产品稳定性造成了一定影响。分析认为:由于锥筒型喷管内壁零件的特殊性,化学铣切时零件不同部位溶液的扩散能力不同,导致不同部位铣切速率差异较大,最终不同部位铣槽深度散差较大。根据零件结构特点,设计出新型化学铣切转动装置,该装置实现了零件双向组合旋转,显著降低了零件不同部位溶液扩散差异性,提高了产品化学铣切槽深度尺寸均匀性。此外,研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti材料零件化学铣切时,杂质离子对铣切稳定性的影响,并确定了极限浓度,建立了杂质含量与零件铣切数量的对应关系,以此监测溶液质量,提高了化学铣切稳定性。